BENCHMARKS
Liquid flow in rough fracture
This page is based on a Jupyter notebook.
from __future__ import annotations…
(click to toggle)
from __future__ import annotations
import contextlib
import importlib
import os
from pathlib import Path
import numpy as np
import ogstools as ot
import pyvista as pv
import roughfracture_postprocessing as rp
import roughfracture_preprocessing as rpre
import roughfracture_runner as rrIntroduction
A rough fracture does not behave like a slot with a single width. The gap between the two walls (the aperture) varies from zero (where the walls touch) to several hundred micrometres (where they don’t). Under normal stress the contact patches grow and the conductive network shrinks. Flow concentrates in a handful of preferential paths, and the rest of the fracture barely participates.
We quantify this for three roughness classes (JRC 4, 7, 10) and three
normal stress levels (0.2, 2, 10 MPa). The surfaces are synthetic fracture
profiles generated to match a target JRC value using the method of
Stigsson & Mas Ivars (2025). Steady-state Darcy flow is computed via
transient time-marching to convergence using the OGS LiquidFlow process.
Problem setup
Domain and mesh
The fracture is a 100 mm x 100 mm square. It is represented by its midplane (the geometric average of the two rough walls), triangulated at 1 mm node spacing. That gives 10 201 nodes and 20 000 triangular elements. Because the walls are rough, the midplane is not flat: node elevations vary by a few millimetres across the domain.
Boundary conditions
| Face | Coordinate | Condition | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inlet | x = x_min = 0.0 m | Dirichlet (pressure) | $p_\mathrm{in} = 5 \times 10^5$ Pa |
| Outlet | x = x_max = 0.1 m | Dirichlet (pressure) | $p_\mathrm{out} = 10^5$ Pa |
| Bottom | y = y_min = 0.0 m | no-flow | |
| Top | y = y_max = 0.1 m | no-flow |
Prescribing pressure on both inlet and outlet guarantees a physically bounded pressure field regardless of fracture permeability.
Body force
Gravity acts in the -z direction: 0, 0, -9.81 m s$^{-2}$. The fracture plane is roughly horizontal and flow is driven laterally, so gravity affects the solution only through the fluid density. Over a 100 mm domain the hydrostatic contribution to the lateral pressure gradient is negligible.
Fluid
Water, with a linearly pressure-dependent density (slightly compressible):
$$ \rho(p) = \rho_0\bigl[1 + \beta(p - p_0)\bigr], \quad \rho_0 = 1000\;\text{kg m}^{-3}, \quad \beta = 4.5 \times 10^{-7}\;\text{Pa}^{-1}, \quad p_0 = 10^5\;\text{Pa} $$The mass-balance form of Darcy’s law is used (equation_balance_type = mass), consistent with a slightly compressible fluid. Dynamic viscosity
is 1e-3 Pa s (water at ~20 C).
How the aperture is calculated
The aperture field is produced using the midplane method of Stigsson & Mas Ivars (2025), combined with the Barton–Bandis hyperbolic closure law (Bandis et al. 1983) for normal closure. Local permeability is then assigned cell by cell by the cubic law (Witherspoon et al. 1980):
$$k = \frac{w^2}{12}$$Contact cells (where the two walls touch) have zero mechanical aperture. A minimum aperture $w_{\min} = 10^{-8}$ m is applied before computing permeability, representing the residual hydraulic void that persists even under full contact. This regularises the permeability field and avoids a singular system.
Setup
with contextlib.suppress(Exception):…
(click to toggle)
with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
ot.plot.setup.show_region_bounds = False
if pv.global_theme.trame.server_proxy_enabled:
pv.set_jupyter_backend("client")
else:
pv.set_jupyter_backend("static")
out_dir = Path(os.environ.get("OGS_TESTRUNNER_OUT_DIR", "_out"))
out_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
try:
_HERE = Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
except NameError:
_HERE = Path.cwd()
BASE_PRJ = _HERE / "roughFracture_synthesis_LF.prj"
SRC_MESH_DIR = _HERE / "meshes"
JRC_LIST = [4, 7, 10]
sigmas_mpa = [0.2, 2.0, 10.0]Input parameters
user_parameters_rough = {…
(click to toggle)
user_parameters_rough = {
"prefix": "roughFracture_synthesis_LF",
"t_end": "1000",
"initial_dt": ".1",
"minimum_dt": "1e-3",
"maximum_dt": "100",
"specific_body_force": "0 0 -9.81",
"initial_pressure": 100000,
"outlet_pressure": 100000, # Pa -- p_out, Dirichlet at outlet (x = x_max)
"inlet_pressure": 500000, # Pa -- p_in, Dirichlet at inlet (x = x_min); Delta_P = 4e5 Pa
"porosity_value": "1.0",
"fluid_density": {
"type": "Linear",
"reference_value": "1000",
"variable_name": "liquid_phase_pressure",
"reference_condition": "1e5",
"slope": "4.5e-7",
},
"equation_balance_type": "mass",
"permeability_mesh_field": "permeability_cubic",
"fracture_thickness_mesh_field": "aperture_closed",
"user_w_min_aperture": "1e-8", # minimum aperture [m] applied to contact cells
}Meshes
Nine input meshes in meshes/, one per (JRC, s_n) pair. Each carries
aperture_closed and contact_closed as cell fields from the synthesis.
rr.print_mesh_inventory(SRC_MESH_DIR)Input mesh directory : /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/ogs/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/meshes
Input mesh files : 9
joint_JRC10_sigma_0p2MPa.vtu
joint_JRC10_sigma_10p0MPa.vtu
joint_JRC10_sigma_2p0MPa.vtu
joint_JRC4_sigma_0p2MPa.vtu
joint_JRC4_sigma_10p0MPa.vtu
joint_JRC4_sigma_2p0MPa.vtu
joint_JRC7_sigma_0p2MPa.vtu
joint_JRC7_sigma_10p0MPa.vtu
joint_JRC7_sigma_2p0MPa.vtu
JRC 10 at 0.2 MPa, the roughest, most open case. Vertical scale exaggerated 2x to make the surface relief visible.
importlib.reload(rpre)…
(click to toggle)
importlib.reload(rpre)
rpre.plot_fracture_surface_3d(
SRC_MESH_DIR / "joint_JRC10_sigma_0p2MPa.vtu",
z_scale=2,
)[0m[33m2026-09-17 15:43:31.301 ( 2.130s) [ 7F4BB1B09480]vtkXOpenGLRenderWindow.:1460 WARN| bad X server connection. DISPLAY=[0m
Aperture fields for all nine cases (rows = JRC, columns = normal stress). Increasing stress (left to right) causes contact patches to grow and open channels to narrow. Increasing roughness (top to bottom) changes the spatial pattern of open and closed regions.
rpre.plot_aperture_grid(…
(click to toggle)
rpre.plot_aperture_grid(
jrc_list=JRC_LIST,
sigmas_mpa=sigmas_mpa,
mesh_dir=SRC_MESH_DIR,
)
Fracture geometry
Aperture decreases with stress and contact area grows, as expected from the Barton-Bandis closure law. Rougher surfaces (higher JRC) show larger spatial variability at any given stress.
importlib.reload(rpre)…
(click to toggle)
importlib.reload(rpre)
rpre.plot_fracture_geometry_summary(
jrc_list=JRC_LIST,
sigmas_mpa=sigmas_mpa,
mesh_dir=SRC_MESH_DIR,
)
Simulation
PREPARE_CASES = True…
(click to toggle)
PREPARE_CASES = True
RUN_OGS = True
importlib.reload(rr)
prepared_cases = []
if PREPARE_CASES:
prepared_cases = rr.prepare_all_cases(
out_dir=out_dir,
base_prj=BASE_PRJ,
src_mesh_dir=SRC_MESH_DIR,
user_parameters=user_parameters_rough,
jrc_list=JRC_LIST,
sigmas_mpa=sigmas_mpa,
w_min=float(user_parameters_rough["user_w_min_aperture"]),
)
if RUN_OGS:
if not prepared_cases:
prepared_cases = rr.prepare_all_cases(
out_dir=out_dir,
base_prj=BASE_PRJ,
src_mesh_dir=SRC_MESH_DIR,
user_parameters=user_parameters_rough,
jrc_list=JRC_LIST,
sigmas_mpa=sigmas_mpa,
w_min=float(user_parameters_rough["user_w_min_aperture"]),
)
rr.run_all_cases(prepared_cases) prepared JRC=4, sigma=0.2 MPa -> /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_4/sigma_0p2/out/roughFracture_synthesis_LF_final.prj
prepared JRC=4, sigma=2 MPa -> /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_4/sigma_2p0/out/roughFracture_synthesis_LF_final.prj
prepared JRC=4, sigma=10 MPa -> /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_4/sigma_10p0/out/roughFracture_synthesis_LF_final.prj
prepared JRC=7, sigma=0.2 MPa -> /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_7/sigma_0p2/out/roughFracture_synthesis_LF_final.prj
prepared JRC=7, sigma=2 MPa -> /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_7/sigma_2p0/out/roughFracture_synthesis_LF_final.prj
prepared JRC=7, sigma=10 MPa -> /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_7/sigma_10p0/out/roughFracture_synthesis_LF_final.prj
prepared JRC=10, sigma=0.2 MPa -> /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_10/sigma_0p2/out/roughFracture_synthesis_LF_final.prj
prepared JRC=10, sigma=2 MPa -> /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_10/sigma_2p0/out/roughFracture_synthesis_LF_final.prj
prepared JRC=10, sigma=10 MPa -> /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_10/sigma_10p0/out/roughFracture_synthesis_LF_final.prj
running JRC=4, sigma=0.2 MPa
ogs -o /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_4/sigma_0p2/out -m /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_4/sigma_0p2/mesh /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_4/sigma_0p2/out/roughFracture_synthesis_LF_final.prj
['ogs', '-o', '/var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_4/sigma_0p2/out', '-m', '/var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_4/sigma_0p2/mesh', '/var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_4/sigma_0p2/out/roughFracture_synthesis_LF_final.prj']
OK
running JRC=4, sigma=2 MPa
ogs -o /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_4/sigma_2p0/out -m /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_4/sigma_2p0/mesh /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_4/sigma_2p0/out/roughFracture_synthesis_LF_final.prj
['ogs', '-o', '/var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_4/sigma_2p0/out', '-m', '/var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_4/sigma_2p0/mesh', '/var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_4/sigma_2p0/out/roughFracture_synthesis_LF_final.prj']
OK
running JRC=4, sigma=10 MPa
ogs -o /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_4/sigma_10p0/out -m /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_4/sigma_10p0/mesh /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_4/sigma_10p0/out/roughFracture_synthesis_LF_final.prj
['ogs', '-o', '/var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_4/sigma_10p0/out', '-m', '/var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_4/sigma_10p0/mesh', '/var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_4/sigma_10p0/out/roughFracture_synthesis_LF_final.prj']
OK
running JRC=7, sigma=0.2 MPa
ogs -o /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_7/sigma_0p2/out -m /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_7/sigma_0p2/mesh /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_7/sigma_0p2/out/roughFracture_synthesis_LF_final.prj
['ogs', '-o', '/var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_7/sigma_0p2/out', '-m', '/var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_7/sigma_0p2/mesh', '/var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_7/sigma_0p2/out/roughFracture_synthesis_LF_final.prj']
OK
running JRC=7, sigma=2 MPa
ogs -o /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_7/sigma_2p0/out -m /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_7/sigma_2p0/mesh /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_7/sigma_2p0/out/roughFracture_synthesis_LF_final.prj
['ogs', '-o', '/var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_7/sigma_2p0/out', '-m', '/var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_7/sigma_2p0/mesh', '/var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_7/sigma_2p0/out/roughFracture_synthesis_LF_final.prj']
OK
running JRC=7, sigma=10 MPa
ogs -o /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_7/sigma_10p0/out -m /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_7/sigma_10p0/mesh /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_7/sigma_10p0/out/roughFracture_synthesis_LF_final.prj
['ogs', '-o', '/var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_7/sigma_10p0/out', '-m', '/var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_7/sigma_10p0/mesh', '/var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_7/sigma_10p0/out/roughFracture_synthesis_LF_final.prj']
OK
running JRC=10, sigma=0.2 MPa
ogs -o /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_10/sigma_0p2/out -m /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_10/sigma_0p2/mesh /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_10/sigma_0p2/out/roughFracture_synthesis_LF_final.prj
['ogs', '-o', '/var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_10/sigma_0p2/out', '-m', '/var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_10/sigma_0p2/mesh', '/var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_10/sigma_0p2/out/roughFracture_synthesis_LF_final.prj']
OK
running JRC=10, sigma=2 MPa
ogs -o /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_10/sigma_2p0/out -m /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_10/sigma_2p0/mesh /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_10/sigma_2p0/out/roughFracture_synthesis_LF_final.prj
['ogs', '-o', '/var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_10/sigma_2p0/out', '-m', '/var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_10/sigma_2p0/mesh', '/var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_10/sigma_2p0/out/roughFracture_synthesis_LF_final.prj']
OK
running JRC=10, sigma=10 MPa
ogs -o /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_10/sigma_10p0/out -m /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_10/sigma_10p0/mesh /var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_10/sigma_10p0/out/roughFracture_synthesis_LF_final.prj
['ogs', '-o', '/var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_10/sigma_10p0/out', '-m', '/var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_10/sigma_10p0/mesh', '/var/lib/gitlab-runner/builds/K-X1vcp78/0/ogs/build/release-all/Tests/Data/Parabolic/LiquidFlow/roughFracture/roughFracture_benchmark/runs/JRC_10/sigma_10p0/out/roughFracture_synthesis_LF_final.prj']
OK
Results
Three fields are shown for all nine cases: pressure with streamlines, aperture, and contact indicator. All cases are driven by the same pressure difference ($\Delta P = 4 \times 10^5$ Pa); the resulting flow rate varies with the fracture conductivity. The streamlines trace where the flow actually goes, channelling around contact zones through the wider aperture paths. At high normal stress the open network shrinks to a few narrow corridors.
RUN_POSTPROCESSING = True…
(click to toggle)
RUN_POSTPROCESSING = True
importlib.reload(rp)
if RUN_POSTPROCESSING:
rp.run_roughfracture_postprocessing(
out_dir=out_dir,
jrc_list=JRC_LIST,
sigmas_mpa=sigmas_mpa,
)Plotting pressure …
global clim for pressure: (100220.76871320538, 499846.823105479)
Plotting aperture_closed …
global clim for aperture_closed: (0.0, 0.0005575199619315592)
Plotting contact_closed …
global clim for contact_closed: (0.0, 1.0)
Assertion
The pressure field at the last timestep is checked against stored reference results for all nine (JRC, sigma) combinations. References were produced with Dirichlet pressure BCs on both boundaries (p_in = 5e5 Pa, p_out = 1e5 Pa) and w_min = 1e-8 m.
REF_DIR = _HERE / "expected"
for jrc in JRC_LIST:
for sigma in sigmas_mpa:
s_tag = rr.sigma_tag(sigma)
prefix = f"roughFracture_synthesis_LF_JRC{jrc}_sigma_{s_tag}"
pvd = (
out_dir / "runs" / f"JRC_{jrc}" / f"sigma_{s_tag}" / "out" / f"{prefix}.pvd"
)
ref_matches = sorted(REF_DIR.glob(f"{prefix}_ts_*_t_1000.000000.vtu"))
if not ref_matches:
msg = f"No reference file found in {REF_DIR} for {prefix}"
raise FileNotFoundError(msg)
ref = pv.read(ref_matches[0])
p_comp = np.asarray(ot.MeshSeries(str(pvd))[-1].point_data["pressure"])
p_ref = np.asarray(ref.point_data["pressure"])
np.testing.assert_allclose(p_comp, p_ref, rtol=5e-3, atol=1e-3)
print(
f"JRC={jrc}, sigma={sigma:g} MPa: max|dp| = {np.abs(p_comp - p_ref).max():.3g} Pa -- OK"
)JRC=4, sigma=0.2 MPa: max|dp| = 1.51e-08 Pa -- OK
JRC=4, sigma=2 MPa: max|dp| = 2.9e-08 Pa -- OK
JRC=4, sigma=10 MPa: max|dp| = 5.4e-07 Pa -- OK
JRC=7, sigma=0.2 MPa: max|dp| = 1.81e-08 Pa -- OK
JRC=7, sigma=2 MPa: max|dp| = 3.36e-07 Pa -- OK
JRC=7, sigma=10 MPa: max|dp| = 763 Pa -- OK
JRC=10, sigma=0.2 MPa: max|dp| = 6.43e-08 Pa -- OK
JRC=10, sigma=2 MPa: max|dp| = 67.6 Pa -- OK
JRC=10, sigma=10 MPa: max|dp| = 58 Pa -- OK
References
Stigsson, M. & Mas Ivars, D. (2025). Synthetic rough fracture surfaces from JRC and fractal parameters. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering (in preparation).
Bandis, S., Lumsden, A. C. & Barton, N. R. (1983). Fundamentals of rock joint deformation. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 20(6), 249–268.
Barton, N., Bandis, S. & Bakhtar, K. (1985). Strength, deformation and conductivity coupling of rock joints. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 22(3), 121–140.
Witherspoon, P. A. et al. (1980). Validity of cubic law for fluid flow in a deformable rock fracture. Water Resources Research, 16(6), 1016–1024.